CLI Left, Dashboard Right: How to Layer Interfaces in the Agent Era

Andrej Karpathy recently said on X: 99% of products and services still don’t have an AI-native CLI. Sharp observation, but only half the story. Our take: CLI alone isn’t enough. Products in the Agent era need two interface layers simultaneously — one that lets Agents execute with low friction, and one that lets humans understand the big picture and make decisions. The former is the operation layer. The latter is the cognition layer. A product with only one is incomplete. This article is about th