Strengthening Protocol Architecture Against Flash Loan Attacks

Flash loan attacks represent one of the most distinctive vulnerabilities in DeFi, exploiting the atomicity of blockchain transactions to borrow and manipulate assets within a single block without putting up collateral. Unlike traditional lending attacks that require sustained capital commitment, flash loans allow attackers to amplify price movements or manipulate oracle feeds by accessing enormous sums of liquidity for exactly 140 milliseconds (the average Ethereum block time). Understanding the