Writing Testable Code: Common Anti-Patterns and How to Fix Them

When code is hard to test, it is usually a design problem, not a testing problem. Code becomes difficult to test for the same reasons it becomes difficult to maintain. This article looks at eight common anti-patterns that make code harder to test and how to improve them. There are other anti-patterns, but in my experience writing and reviewing code, these are the most common. Please note that these anti-patterns mostly hurt unit testing, where the goal is to test pieces of business logic in isol