GCP in Action: Migrating a LINE Bot from AI Studio to Vertex AI to Solve 429 Errors

Background Recently, the LINE business card assistant robot ( linebot-namecard-python ) deployed on Google Cloud Run suddenly went down. After checking the logs with gcloud logging read , the following ruthless error appeared: google.api_core.exceptions.ResourceExhausted: 429 Your billing account has exceeded its monthly spending cap. It turned out that we used the API Key provided by Google AI Studio ( google.generativeai package) for rapid development, and as a result, we silently maxed out th