Keras Deserialization Safe Mode: Security Capabilities and Limitations

Overview This article analyzes the security behavior of Keras safe mode during model deserialization, focusing on what it prevents and what it does not. Introduction In TensorFlow Keras, loading a model involves more than reading stored data. It requires deserializing objects such as layers, optimizers, and loss functions from a configuration structure. This process can execute Python code, which introduces potential security risks when loading untrusted models. To reduce this risk, Keras provid