Understanding call, apply and bind methods in Javascript

Three little methods. One big idea: you control what this points to. Every time you write a function in JavaScript, there's a hidden element — the this keyword. Usually, it works fine, but when you extract a method or pass it as an event listener, this can point somewhere unexpected, causing confusing bugs. call , apply , and bind are the tools that help manage that hidden element. Let's explore with an example involving a bus company 🚌. The Example Setup Consider Purbasha Paribahan , a local b