When Code Breaks: How to Handle Errors Like a Pro

Your program has been running perfectly for ten minutes. Then someone passes in a string where you expected a number. Or the file you're trying to read got deleted. Or the internet went down mid-request. Or a user typed nothing when your code expected input. Your program crashes. A wall of red text appears. Everything stops. This is not bad luck. This is normal. Errors happen in every real program. The question is not how to avoid them entirely. The question is how to catch them before they brin